使用MSSQL查询所有索引的方法
介绍
在MSSQL数据库中,索引是一种可以提高查询性能的关键组成部分。它们可以帮助数据库引擎快速查找和定位数据,从而提高查询效率。本文将介绍如何使用MSSQL查询所有索引的方法。
查询所有索引
通过查询系统表sys.indexes,可以查找到当前数据库中的所有索引。下面是查询语句:
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) AS [TABLE_NAME],
A.[NAME] AS [INDEX_NAME],
B.[NAME] AS [COLUMN_NAME]
FROM SYS.INDEXES A
INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS C
ON A.[OBJECT_ID] = C.[OBJECT_ID] AND A.INDEX_ID = C.INDEX_ID
INNER JOIN SYS.COLUMNS B
ON C.[OBJECT_ID] = B.[OBJECT_ID] AND C.COLUMN_ID = B.COLUMN_ID
WHERE A.[NAME] IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY [TABLE_NAME], [INDEX_NAME], C.[KEY_Ordinal]
该查询语句将返回所有索引相关的信息,包括索引名称、所属表格和索引列。
根据表格查询索引
如果您只需要查询特定表格中的索引,可以添加一个WHERE子句来过滤结果。下面是查询语句:
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) AS [TABLE_NAME],
A.[NAME] AS [INDEX_NAME],
B.[NAME] AS [COLUMN_NAME]
FROM SYS.INDEXES A
INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS C
ON A.[OBJECT_ID] = C.[OBJECT_ID] AND A.INDEX_ID = C.INDEX_ID
INNER JOIN SYS.COLUMNS B
ON C.[OBJECT_ID] = B.[OBJECT_ID] AND C.COLUMN_ID = B.COLUMN_ID
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) = 'YourTableName'
ORDER BY [TABLE_NAME], [INDEX_NAME], C.[KEY_Ordinal]
将查询结果限制为指定表格名称的索引信息。
查询唯一索引
如果您只需要查询唯一索引(索引中不允许重复值),可以添加WHERE子句来过滤结果。下面是查询语句:
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(I.OBJECT_ID) AS [TABLE_NAME],
I.NAME AS [INDEX_NAME],
COL_NAME(IC.OBJECT_ID, IC.COLUMN_ID) AS [COLUMN_NAME]
FROM SYS.INDEXES AS I
INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS AS IC
ON I.OBJECT_ID = IC.OBJECT_ID
AND I.INDEX_ID = IC.INDEX_ID
WHERE I.IS_UNIQUE = 1
查询聚集索引和非聚集索引
MSSQL数据库中的索引可以分为两种类型:聚集索引和非聚集索引。聚集索引是主键或唯一索引,它们对应于表格的物理存储方式。非聚集索引是普通的索引,它们没有对应于表格的物理存储方式。
下面是查询聚集索引和非聚集索引的查询语句:
SELECT DISTINCT
OBJECT_NAME(ID) AS TableName,
name as [Index Name],
CASE
WHEN is_unique = 1 THEN 'Unique'
ELSE 'Non-Unique'
END as [Unique],
CASE
WHEN is_primary_key = 1 THEN 'Primary Key'
WHEN is_unique_constraint = 1 THEN 'Unique Key'
ELSE 'Indexed'
END as [Index Type],
CASE
WHEN index_id = 1 THEN 'Clustered'
ELSE 'Non-Clustered'
END as [Index Order]
FROM
sys.indexes
WHERE
OBJECTPROPERTY(ID, 'IsMSShipped') = 0
ORDER BY
TableName,
[Index Order] DESC
该查询将返回聚集索引和非聚集索引的信息,包括索引名称、类型和所属表格。
查询索引大小
如果您需要查询索引的大小,可以使用以下查询语句:
SELECT
TableName = OBJECT_NAME(a.object_id),
IndexName = c.name,
IndexMB = CONVERT(DECIMAL(15,2),ROUND(c.size/1024.0/1024.0,2)),
[Count] = c.rows
FROM
sys.partitions a
JOIN sys.indexes b ON a.object_id = b.object_id AND a.index_id = b.index_id
JOIN sys.allocation_units c ON a.partition_id = c.container_id
WHERE
c.[type] IN (1,2,3)
ORDER BY
CONVERT(DECIMAL(15,2),ROUND(c.size/1024.0/1024.0,2)) desc
该查询将返回索引名称、所属表格、索引大小和索引行数。
结论
通过查询系统表信息,您可以轻松地获得当前数据库中的所有索引,包括索引名称、所属表格和索引列。您也可以过滤特定的表格、唯一索引或索引类型,以满足您的特定需求。此外,了解索引的大小和行数也非常有用,有助于识别问题和优化性能。