使用MSSQL查询所有索引的方法

使用MSSQL查询所有索引的方法

介绍

在MSSQL数据库中,索引是一种可以提高查询性能的关键组成部分。它们可以帮助数据库引擎快速查找和定位数据,从而提高查询效率。本文将介绍如何使用MSSQL查询所有索引的方法。

查询所有索引

通过查询系统表sys.indexes,可以查找到当前数据库中的所有索引。下面是查询语句:

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) AS [TABLE_NAME], 

A.[NAME] AS [INDEX_NAME],

B.[NAME] AS [COLUMN_NAME]

FROM SYS.INDEXES A

INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS C

ON A.[OBJECT_ID] = C.[OBJECT_ID] AND A.INDEX_ID = C.INDEX_ID

INNER JOIN SYS.COLUMNS B

ON C.[OBJECT_ID] = B.[OBJECT_ID] AND C.COLUMN_ID = B.COLUMN_ID

WHERE A.[NAME] IS NOT NULL

ORDER BY [TABLE_NAME], [INDEX_NAME], C.[KEY_Ordinal]

该查询语句将返回所有索引相关的信息,包括索引名称、所属表格和索引列。

根据表格查询索引

如果您只需要查询特定表格中的索引,可以添加一个WHERE子句来过滤结果。下面是查询语句:

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) AS [TABLE_NAME], 

A.[NAME] AS [INDEX_NAME],

B.[NAME] AS [COLUMN_NAME]

FROM SYS.INDEXES A

INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS C

ON A.[OBJECT_ID] = C.[OBJECT_ID] AND A.INDEX_ID = C.INDEX_ID

INNER JOIN SYS.COLUMNS B

ON C.[OBJECT_ID] = B.[OBJECT_ID] AND C.COLUMN_ID = B.COLUMN_ID

WHERE OBJECT_NAME(A.[OBJECT_ID]) = 'YourTableName'

ORDER BY [TABLE_NAME], [INDEX_NAME], C.[KEY_Ordinal]

将查询结果限制为指定表格名称的索引信息。

查询唯一索引

如果您只需要查询唯一索引(索引中不允许重复值),可以添加WHERE子句来过滤结果。下面是查询语句:

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(I.OBJECT_ID) AS [TABLE_NAME], 

I.NAME AS [INDEX_NAME],

COL_NAME(IC.OBJECT_ID, IC.COLUMN_ID) AS [COLUMN_NAME]

FROM SYS.INDEXES AS I

INNER JOIN SYS.INDEX_COLUMNS AS IC

ON I.OBJECT_ID = IC.OBJECT_ID

AND I.INDEX_ID = IC.INDEX_ID

WHERE I.IS_UNIQUE = 1

查询聚集索引和非聚集索引

MSSQL数据库中的索引可以分为两种类型:聚集索引和非聚集索引。聚集索引是主键或唯一索引,它们对应于表格的物理存储方式。非聚集索引是普通的索引,它们没有对应于表格的物理存储方式。

下面是查询聚集索引和非聚集索引的查询语句:

SELECT DISTINCT

OBJECT_NAME(ID) AS TableName,

name as [Index Name],

CASE

WHEN is_unique = 1 THEN 'Unique'

ELSE 'Non-Unique'

END as [Unique],

CASE

WHEN is_primary_key = 1 THEN 'Primary Key'

WHEN is_unique_constraint = 1 THEN 'Unique Key'

ELSE 'Indexed'

END as [Index Type],

CASE

WHEN index_id = 1 THEN 'Clustered'

ELSE 'Non-Clustered'

END as [Index Order]

FROM

sys.indexes

WHERE

OBJECTPROPERTY(ID, 'IsMSShipped') = 0

ORDER BY

TableName,

[Index Order] DESC

该查询将返回聚集索引和非聚集索引的信息,包括索引名称、类型和所属表格。

查询索引大小

如果您需要查询索引的大小,可以使用以下查询语句:

SELECT

TableName = OBJECT_NAME(a.object_id),

IndexName = c.name,

IndexMB = CONVERT(DECIMAL(15,2),ROUND(c.size/1024.0/1024.0,2)),

[Count] = c.rows

FROM

sys.partitions a

JOIN sys.indexes b ON a.object_id = b.object_id AND a.index_id = b.index_id

JOIN sys.allocation_units c ON a.partition_id = c.container_id

WHERE

c.[type] IN (1,2,3)

ORDER BY

CONVERT(DECIMAL(15,2),ROUND(c.size/1024.0/1024.0,2)) desc

该查询将返回索引名称、所属表格、索引大小和索引行数。

结论

通过查询系统表信息,您可以轻松地获得当前数据库中的所有索引,包括索引名称、所属表格和索引列。您也可以过滤特定的表格、唯一索引或索引类型,以满足您的特定需求。此外,了解索引的大小和行数也非常有用,有助于识别问题和优化性能。

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