1. 前言
SQLServer是一款功能强大的关系型数据库管理系统,被广泛应用于企业信息化解决方案中。在使用SQLServer进行开发和维护过程中,我们经常会遇到一些性能问题。今天我们将揭开SQLServer的“微整形”秘密,探讨如何优化SQLServer性能。
2. 索引优化
2.1 创建合适的索引
在SQLServer中,合适的索引能够大大提升查询效率。在创建索引时需要考虑查询条件、排序方式等因素。若有多个查询条件,则需要建立联合索引,以免出现多条where语句。
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column1, column2);
2.2 删除无用的索引
当索引过多时,会影响SQLServer的性能,因此需要删除不必要的索引。可以通过以下语句查找未使用索引:
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(s.[OBJECT_ID]) AS [ObjectName], i.name AS [IndexName],
i.index_id AS [IndexID], s.user_seeks AS [UserSeeks],
s.user_scans AS [UserScans],
CAST(s.user_seeks + s.user_scans AS float) / (s.user_lookups + s.user_updates + s.user_seeks + s.user_scans) AS [ReadsPerWrite],
s.user_lookups AS [UserLookups], s.user_updates AS [UserUpdates],
s.last_user_seek AS [LastUserSeek], s.last_user_scan AS [LastUserScan],
s.last_user_lookup AS [LastUserLookup], s.last_user_update AS [LastUserUpdate],
i.is_primary_key AS [IsPrimaryKey], i.is_unique AS [IsUniqueIndex],
i.fill_factor AS [FillFactor], i.has_filter AS [HasFilter],
i.filter_definition AS [FilterDefinition], i.is_padded AS [IsPadded],
i.is_disabled AS [IsDisabled], i.is_hypothetical AS [IsHypothetical],
i.has_opaque_metadata AS [HasOpaqueMetadata], i.compression_description as [CompressionDescription]
FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats AS s
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i
ON s.[OBJECT_ID] = i.[OBJECT_ID] AND s.index_id = i.index_id
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[OBJECT_ID],'IsUserTable') = 1 AND s.database_id = DB_ID();
3. 大量数据操作
3.1 分页查询
在查询大量数据时,需要使用分页查询。可以使用ROW_NUMBER()函数进行分页查询。
WITH QueryTable AS
(
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS RowNum
FROM table_name
)
SELECT * FROM QueryTable
WHERE RowNum BETWEEN (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize + 1 AND @pageIndex * @pageSize;
3.2 分区表
当表中数据过大时,可以采用分区表进行数据管理。按照业务需要将数据分摊到几个物理表,从而提高SQLServer的查询效率。
CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION partition_function_name (data_type) AS RANGE LEFT
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME partition_scheme_name AS PARTITION partition_function_name
TO (filegroup_name1, filegroup_name2, …, filegroup_nameN)
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name) ON partition_scheme_name (column_name)
4. 读写分离
在高并发访问时,使用读写分离可以减轻主服务器的压力,并提高性能稳定性。主服务器负责写操作,从服务器负责读操作。
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver [linkedservername]
EXEC sp_addlinkedsrvlogin [linkedservername], 'false', NULL, [username], [password]
GO
CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY([linkedservername],'SELECT * FROM table_name')
GO
5. 总结
SQLServer作为一款成熟的关系型数据库管理系统,在应用开发中发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了“微整形”技能的几种应用,希望能够对大家的工作有所帮助。