1. 简介
贪吃蛇是一款经典的游戏,很多人的童年都曾经玩过贪吃蛇。在这篇文章中,我们将使用Python语言来实现童年贪吃蛇小游戏的功能。
2. 实现步骤
2.1 游戏界面
首先,我们需要实现游戏界面。游戏界面可以使用Python的turtle库来绘制,turtle库可以方便地绘制简单的图形。
import turtle
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
turtle.done()
上面的代码创建了一个600x600的游戏窗口,并设置窗口标题为“贪吃蛇”,最后调用turtle.done()函数来保持窗口不关闭。
2.2 绘制网格
接下来,我们需要在游戏界面中绘制一个网格,用来表示蛇可以移动的范围。我们可以使用turtle库中的penup()、pendown()和goto()函数来实现网格的绘制。
import turtle
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-250, 250)
pen.pendown()
for i in range(4):
pen.forward(500)
pen.right(90)
turtle.done()
上面的代码在创建了一个turtle对象pen,并将其移动到左上角的位置 (-250, 250)。接着,我们使用循环语句绘制出四个边长为500的正方形边界。
2.3 键盘事件
现在我们需要让蛇能够通过使用键盘来控制移动。我们可以使用Python的turtle库中的onscreenclick()和onkey()函数来实现键盘事件的处理。
import turtle
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-250, 250)
pen.pendown()
for i in range(4):
pen.forward(500)
pen.right(90)
snake = turtle.Turtle()
snake.speed(0)
snake.penup()
snake.shape("square")
snake.color("white")
def go_up():
snake.setheading(90)
def go_down():
snake.setheading(270)
def go_left():
snake.setheading(180)
def go_right():
snake.setheading(0)
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(go_up, "Up")
screen.onkey(go_down, "Down")
screen.onkey(go_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(go_right, "Right")
turtle.mainloop()
上面的代码中,我们创建了一个新的turtle对象snake,并将其移动到游戏窗口的中心位置。接着,我们定义了四个函数,用于键盘事件的处理。最后,我们使用onscreenclick()和onkey()函数来将这些函数与对应的按键绑定。
2.4 吐出食物
下一步,我们需要在游戏界面中随机生成食物。当蛇吃到这些食物时,蛇将变长。我们可以使用Python的random库来生成随机的食物位置。
import turtle
import random
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-250, 250)
pen.pendown()
for i in range(4):
pen.forward(500)
pen.right(90)
snake = turtle.Turtle()
snake.speed(0)
snake.penup()
snake.shape("square")
snake.color("white")
food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.penup()
food.shape("circle")
food.color("green")
food.goto(random.randint(-240, 240), random.randint(-240, 240))
def go_up():
snake.setheading(90)
def go_down():
snake.setheading(270)
def go_left():
snake.setheading(180)
def go_right():
snake.setheading(0)
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(go_up, "Up")
screen.onkey(go_down, "Down")
screen.onkey(go_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(go_right, "Right")
turtle.mainloop()
上面的代码中我们创建了一个新的turtle对象food,并将其移动到随机的位置。这样,食物就被“吐”了出来。
2.5 蛇的移动
下面,我们需要实现蛇的移动。蛇可以向前移动,并且如果蛇的头碰到了蛇的身体或者边界,游戏就结束了。我们可以通过记录蛇的每个身体部分的位置来实现这个功能。
import turtle
import random
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-250, 250)
pen.pendown()
for i in range(4):
pen.forward(500)
pen.right(90)
snake = turtle.Turtle()
snake.speed(0)
snake.penup()
snake.shape("square")
snake.color("white")
snake.goto(0, 0)
food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.penup()
food.shape("circle")
food.color("green")
food.goto(random.randint(-240, 240), random.randint(-240, 240))
segments = []
def go_up():
snake.setheading(90)
def go_down():
snake.setheading(270)
def go_left():
snake.setheading(180)
def go_right():
snake.setheading(0)
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(go_up, "Up")
screen.onkey(go_down, "Down")
screen.onkey(go_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(go_right, "Right")
while True:
snake.forward(20)
if snake.distance(food) < 20:
food.goto(random.randint(-240, 240), random.randint(-240, 240))
segment = turtle.Turtle()
segment.speed(0)
segment.shape("square")
segment.color("grey")
segment.penup()
segments.append(segment)
for i in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
x = segments[i - 1].xcor()
y = segments[i - 1].ycor()
segments[i].goto(x, y)
segments[0].goto(snake.xcor(), snake.ycor())
for i in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
x = segments[i - 1].xcor()
y = segments[i - 1].ycor()
segments[i].goto(x, y)
segments[0].goto(snake.xcor(), snake.ycor())
if snake.xcor() > 240 or snake.xcor() < -240 or snake.ycor() > 240 or snake.ycor() < -240:
break
turtle.mainloop()
上面的代码中,我们使用一个while循环来实现蛇的移动。如果蛇的头碰到了蛇的身体或者边界,就跳出while循环。如果蛇吃到了食物,就在蛇的尾部增加一个新的身体部分。最后,我们通过更新每个身体部分的位置来实现蛇的移动。
2.6 完整代码
上面的代码只是实现了贪吃蛇小游戏的基本功能,还有很多地方可以进行优化和改进。下面是完整的代码:
import turtle
import random
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(600, 600)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-250, 250)
pen.pendown()
for i in range(4):
pen.forward(500)
pen.right(90)
snake = turtle.Turtle()
snake.speed(0)
snake.penup()
snake.shape("square")
snake.color("white")
snake.goto(0, 0)
food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.penup()
food.shape("circle")
food.color("green")
food.goto(random.randint(-240, 240), random.randint(-240, 240))
segments = []
def go_up():
snake.setheading(90)
def go_down():
snake.setheading(270)
def go_left():
snake.setheading(180)
def go_right():
snake.setheading(0)
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(go_up, "Up")
screen.onkey(go_down, "Down")
screen.onkey(go_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(go_right, "Right")
while True:
snake.forward(20)
if snake.distance(food) < 20:
food.goto(random.randint(-240, 240), random.randint(-240, 240))
segment = turtle.Turtle()
segment.speed(0)
segment.shape("square")
segment.color("grey")
segment.penup()
segments.append(segment)
for i in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
x = segments[i - 1].xcor()
y = segments[i - 1].ycor()
segments[i].goto(x, y)
segments[0].goto(snake.xcor(), snake.ycor())
for i in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
x = segments[i - 1].xcor()
y = segments[i - 1].ycor()
segments[i].goto(x, y)
segments[0].goto(snake.xcor(), snake.ycor())
if snake.xcor() > 240 or snake.xcor() < -240 or snake.ycor() > 240 or snake.ycor() < -240:
break
turtle.mainloop()
3. 总结
本文简要介绍了如何使用Python实现童年贪吃蛇小游戏的功能。我们实现了游戏界面、键盘事件、食物的随机生成以及蛇的移动等功能。通过本文的学习,我们不仅能够更深入地理解Python语言的基础知识,也能够培养动手编写程序的兴趣和能力。