python模块之paramiko-猿码集

1. Introduction

Paramiko is a Python module that enables you to create SSHv2 connections to remote servers and execute commands over them. It provides a secure and easy-to-use interface for SSH communication. In this article, we will explore the features and usage of the Paramiko module.

2. Installation

2.1. Prerequisites

Before installing Paramiko, make sure you have Python 2.7 or later installed on your system. You can check your Python version by running the following command:

python --version

Paramiko can be installed using pip, the Python package installer. Open your command prompt or terminal and run the following command:

pip install paramiko

Once the installation is complete, you can import the module in your Python script using the following line:

import paramiko

3. Establishing an SSH Connection

To establish an SSH connection using Paramiko, you need to create an instance of the SSHClient class:

import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

Next, you need to set the policy for automatically adding the remote server's SSH key to the local known_hosts file:

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

Now, you can connect to the remote server using the .connect() method:

ssh.connect(hostname, username, password)

Here, hostname is the IP address or hostname of the remote server, username is your username on that server, and password is your password for that user.

4. Executing Commands on the Remote Server

To execute commands on the remote server, you can use the .exec_command() method of the SSHClient object:

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)

The command parameter is the command you want to execute on the remote server. The stdin variable contains the standard input stream of the command, while the stdout variable contains the standard output stream, and the stderr variable contains the standard error stream.

5. Working with Files on the Remote Server

5.1. Uploading Files

To upload a file to the remote server, you can use the SFTPClient class provided by Paramiko:

sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
sftp.put(local_file, remote_file)
sftp.close()

The local_file parameter is the path to the file on your local system, while the remote_file parameter is the path where you want to upload the file on the remote server.

5.2. Downloading Files

To download a file from the remote server, you can use the SFTPClient class as well:

sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
sftp.get(remote_file, local_file)
sftp.close()

The remote_file parameter is the path to the file on the remote server, and the local_file parameter is the path where you want to save the downloaded file on your local system.

6. Closing the SSH Connection

Once you are done with the remote server, you should close the SSH connection to free up system resources. You can do this by calling the .close() method:

ssh.close()

7. Conclusion

Paramiko is a powerful Python module that allows you to establish SSH connections and execute commands on remote servers. It provides a simple and secure way to automate tasks on multiple machines. In this article, we have covered the installation process, how to establish an SSH connection, execute commands, and work with files on the remote server. This should give you a good foundation for using Paramiko in your own projects. Remember to always handle secure information, such as passwords, with care and follow best security practices.

python模块之paramiko