1. 前言
在日常开发中使用Java进行数据库操作时,有时候会遇到插入数据异常的情况。其中比较常见的异常就是DatabaseInsertException(数据库插入异常),这种异常通常会在数据插入时抛出。为了避免这种异常的发生,我们需要对数据的插入方式进行改进。
2. DatabaseInsertException异常分析
2.1 异常栈信息
我们先来看一下DatabaseInsertException异常的异常栈信息:
com.xxx.exception.DatabaseInsertException: 插入数据失败
at com.xxx.dao.UserDao.insert(UserDao.java:20)
at com.xxx.service.UserService.insert(UserService.java:15)
at com.xxx.controller.UserController.insert(UserController.java:25)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:133)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:963)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:108)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:650)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: 分组da_userid超时
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:998)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:937)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:926)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.send(MysqlIO.java:3659)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2460)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2627)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2550)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1861)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2073)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2009)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeLargeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:5094)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1994)
at com.xxx.dao.UserDao.insert(UserDao.java:18)
... 49 more
2.2 分析
异常栈信息中提到了“java.sql.SQLException: 分组da_userid超时”,这说明在向数据库插入数据时,出现了超时异常。超时通常是由于插入数据的过程较为耗时,导致连接在没有得到响应的情况下达到了超时时限。
那么,如何避免DatabaseInsertException异常呢?下面我们将介绍一些可行的解决方案。
3. 解决方案
3.1 合理切分批量插入
当插入的数据非常大的时候,我们不应该一次性将所有数据全部插入到数据库中,而应该将这些数据进行切分,进行多次插入操作。
private static final int BATCH_SIZE = 500;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user (name, age, gender) VALUES (?, ?, ?);");
for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++) {
preparedStatement.setString(1, dataList.get(i).getName());
preparedStatement.setInt(2, dataList.get(i).getAge());
preparedStatement.setString(3, dataList.get(i).getGender());
preparedStatement.addBatch();
if (i % BATCH_SIZE == 0) {
preparedStatement.executeBatch();
preparedStatement.clearBatch();
}
}
preparedStatement.executeBatch();
preparedStatement.clearBatch();
在上面的代码中,我们使用了批处理的方式来插入数据。通过限定批处理的大小(即BATCH_SIZE),我们成功地将数据分成小批逐个插入,从而避免了单次插入耗时过长造成的超时风险。
3.2 根据实际需求调整超时时间
在某些情况下,即便采用了批处理方式也难以避免超时的发生。这时,我们可以考虑调整数据库的超时时间。
一种简单的实现方式就是通过设置connection对象的timeout属性来改变超时时间。比如,我们可以通过以下代码将超时时间设置为5秒:
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
connection.setNetworkTimeout(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1), 5000);
需要注意的是,这种方法可能会对其他连接到该数据库的应用程序造成影响,因此需要谨慎使用。
3.3 优化SQL语句
优化SQL语句也是避免数据插入异常的有效方法之一。具体来说,我们可以通过以下几种方式进行优化:
使用参数化查询
减少查询需要的字段数量
使用索引加速查询
避免使用不必要的排序操作
调整查询语句的顺序,以利用索引
4. 总结
DatabaseInsertException异常是日常开发中比较常见的一种异常,其原因主要是数据插入过程中网络连接超时,或SQL语句存在性能问题。为了避免这种异常的发生,我们可以采用上述提到的几种方法进行优化,从而提高数据插入的效率和稳定性。