搭建GitLab服务器
GitLab是当前比较流行的源代码管理工具，支持创建自己的GitLab服务器。本文将介绍如何在GitLab服务器上搭建网站。以下是具体步骤。
第一步：安装Nginx
在Ubuntu上安装Nginx非常简单，在终端中输入以下命令即可：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx
安装完成后，Nginx将自动启动。我们可以输入服务器的IP地址来验证Nginx是否已安装成功。在Web浏览器中输入以下地址：
http://your_server_IP_address如果您看到Nginx欢迎页面，则说明已成功安装。
第二步：安装GitLab
可以通过以下步骤安装GitLab：
在终端中输入以下命令以添加GitLab仓库：
curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash使用以下命令安装Gitlab：
sudo apt-get install gitlab-ee安装过程可能会花费一些时间。安装完成后，GitLab会自动启动并监听8080端口。
第三步：配置Nginx
由于GitLab默认监听8080端口，我们可以使用Nginx对请求进行代理。
在终端中输入以下命令以创建GitLab配置文件：
sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf将以下内容添加到文件中：
upstream gitlab {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
# Download GitLab CE from https://about.gitlab.com/downloads/
# and change the following line to the location of the downloaded
# GitLab package file if it exists, if not, remove this line.
server downloads-packages.s3.amazonaws.com:443;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
server_tokens off;
root /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/public;
client_max_body_size 100m;
# individual nginx logs for this gitlab vhost
access_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.log;
location / {
# serve static files from defined root folder;.
# @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback; see below
try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html $uri/index.htm $uri/index.php $uri/index.php;
}
location /api/v3/ { # add this
proxy_set_header Host $http_host; # add this
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; # add this
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # add thisproxy_pass http://gitlab/api/v3/; # add this
}
location ~ ^/[\w\.-]+/[\w\.-]+/gitlab-lfs/objects/ {
client_max_body_size 0;
error_page 494 = @gitlab-workhorse;
log_not_found off;
error_log /dev/null;
access_log /dev/null;
proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://gitlab;
}
location /ci/api/v1/ {
# needed to have GitLab CI's nginx logic work correctly on 8.17+ (might be needed for >= 8.16 as well)
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
location /uploads/ {
client_max_body_size 0;
# for a given url (/uploads/blablabla) first checks whether the file exists in /public/uploads/
# If it does, that file is served and the request is over
# If it doesn't, the request is passed on to GitLab
# This is done because certain upload URLs are actually artifact URLs
# and we want to serve them from the local filesystem
try_files /public$uri @gitlab-workhorse;
}
location /assets/ {
# This allow to properly serve `/assets/` over HTTP for ci runners
# Otherwise /assets/ will try to be served by gitlab-workhorse
alias /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/public/assets/;
gzip_static on;
expires max;
add_header Cache-Control public;
add_header ETag "";
# avoid unnecessary requests to gitlab-workhors once the assets are cached by the browser
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" "*";
add_header "Access-Control-Expose-Headers" "ETag";
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Methods" "GET";
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Headers" "Range";
}
location /-/assets {
gzip_static on;
expires max;
add_header Cache-Control public;
add_header ETag "";
# avoid unnecessary requests to gitlab-workhors once the assets are cached by the browser
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" "*";
add_header "Access-Control-Expose-Headers" "ETag";
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Methods" "GET";
add_header "Access-Control-Allow-Headers" "Range";
}
# GitLab Satellites
location ~ /[\w\.-]+/[\w\.-]+/gitlab-satellites/ {
client_max_body_size 0;
error_page 494 = @gitlab-workhorse;
log_not_found off;
error_log /dev/null;
access_log /dev/null;
proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://gitlab;
}
# gitlab-ci
location /ci {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://gitlab/ci;
}
# Go HTTP Serve
location /go {
client_max_body_size 20M;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
proxy_read_timeout 2m;
proxy_send_timeout 2m;
} location @gitlab-workhorse {
# If you use HTTPS make sure you disable gzip compression
# to be safe against BREACH attack.
gzip off;
# https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694
# Some requests take more than 30 seconds.
proxy_read_timeout 3600;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_pass http://gitlab-workhorse;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 422 /422.html;
error_page 500 /500.html;
error_page 502 /502.html;
error_page 503 /503.html;
# individual nginx logs for this gitlab vhost
access_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.log;
}
请确保将上述代码中的“example.com”替换为您服务器的域名或IP地址。在配置更改后，使用以下命令验证Nginx配置是否无误：
sudo nginx -t如果没有任何错误，请重新加载Nginx：
sudo service nginx reload第四步：创建网站
现在您可以使用GitLab创建新网站。首先，创建一个新的 Git 存储库，并将网站文件推送到服务器。然后，您可以使用Nginx的“server”块配置新网站。例如，假设您的域名为example.com：
sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf将以下内容添加到文件中：
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
# SSL configuration
#
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/example.com/privkey.pem;
root /var/www/example.com/public;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
请确保将上述代码中的“example.com”替换为您的域名或IP地址以及正确的SSL证书路径。然后，创建一个目录，将网站文件复制到该目录中：
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public
sudo cp -R /path/to/your/files/* /var/www/example.com/public/
在共享的Git存储库中更新网站文件时，只需再次使用cp命令将它们复制到/var/www/example.com/public/文件夹中。
现在重启Nginx服务器：
sudo service nginx restart现在您的网站就可以从世界各地的Web浏览器访问了。